Meta's decision to agree to an $18bn (£13.3bn) settlement on Wednesday, to resolve claims that Facebook and Instagram harmed children, came as a surprise.
Meta's decision to agree to an $18bn (£13.3bn) settlement on Wednesday, to resolve claims that Facebook and Instagram harmed children, came as a surprise.
I was expecting weeks of courtroom drama as 29 states – almost two-thirds of America - took on one US tech giant.
I was expecting weeks of courtroom drama as 29 states – almost two-thirds of America - took on one US tech giant.
Technically, the trial was about children's online privacy. It was based on a US law called the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which is nearly 30 years old and predates all of today's biggest social platforms.
Technically, the trial was about children's online privacy. It was based on a US law called the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which is nearly 30 years old and predates all of today's biggest social platforms.
It centred around Meta's historic gathering and use of data belonging to children under the age of 13 over a period of several years.
It centred around Meta's historic gathering and use of data belonging to children under the age of 13 over a period of several years.
In reality, it was a co-ordinated attack on the firm's online safety credentials.
In reality, it was a co-ordinated attack on the firm's online safety credentials.
Meta, alongside other social media apps, is under fire around the world as 2026 is shaping up to be a year of reckoning for the entire industry - perhaps our days of doomscrolling are numbered.
Meta, alongside other social media apps, is under fire around the world as 2026 is shaping up to be a year of reckoning for the entire industry - perhaps our days of doomscrolling are numbered.
Meta has fought hard, over multiple lawsuits spanning many months and at great expense, to defend its commitment to protecting children on its platforms.
Meta has fought hard, over multiple lawsuits spanning many months and at great expense, to defend its commitment to protecting children on its platforms.
More than once, I've been invited to detailed presentations at Meta's London HQ, where senior executives have walked journalists like me through the many safety tools the company has launched over the years designed to give children better protection on its apps.
More than once, I've been invited to detailed presentations at Meta's London HQ, where senior executives have walked journalists like me through the many safety tools the company has launched over the years designed to give children better protection on its apps.
I have also met the parents of young people who have come to harm on those same platforms, and others who admit to being totally overwhelmed by the sheer number of safety tools that require their oversight - at the last count Meta had more than 60 of them, and that was just on Instagram. These days many of them are switched on by default.
I have also met the parents of young people who have come to harm on those same platforms, and others who admit to being totally overwhelmed by the sheer number of safety tools that require their oversight - at the last count Meta had more than 60 of them, and that was just on Instagram. These days many of them are switched on by default.
The trial went on for just five days, and came to an end before CEO Mark Zuckerberg took to the stand.
The trial went on for just five days, and came to an end before CEO Mark Zuckerberg took to the stand.
But it was rough for Meta.
But it was rough for Meta.
Whistleblower Arturo Bejar, who once worked at Instagram, claimed that in the past he had told bosses that harmful stuff was happening to children on the platform, and no action was taken.
Whistleblower Arturo Bejar, who once worked at Instagram, claimed that in the past he had told bosses that harmful stuff was happening to children on the platform, and no action was taken.
Another executive said he didn't remember writing on a slide deck that sometimes Meta chose to pay fines for violating regulations rather than make changes.
Another executive said he didn't remember writing on a slide deck that sometimes Meta chose to pay fines for violating regulations rather than make changes.
Internal memos suggested that the firm knew opt-in tools tended to have low adoption rates, and yet it still launched safety features that were not switched on by default.
Internal memos suggested that the firm knew opt-in tools tended to have low adoption rates, and yet it still launched safety features that were not switched on by default.
There had been intense speculation that Meta would have faced hundreds of billions of dollars in fines if it had lost.
There had been intense speculation that Meta would have faced hundreds of billions of dollars in fines if it had lost.
The worst-case scenario, which would have been the maximum penalty imposed for every single child who used one of its platforms for more than half an hour a day during a 12-year window, was $1.4tn (£1tn) – roughly the same as the company's entire value.
The worst-case scenario, which would have been the maximum penalty imposed for every single child who used one of its platforms for more than half an hour a day during a 12-year window, was $1.4tn (£1tn) – roughly the same as the company's entire value.
That of course was never going to happen, but a more realistic figure was still in the hundreds of billions.
That of course was never going to happen, but a more realistic figure was still in the hundreds of billions.
By comparison, up to $18bn (over a period of 10 years) is significantly smaller.
By comparison, up to $18bn (over a period of 10 years) is significantly smaller.
Meta is not admitting to any wrongdoing.
Meta is not admitting to any wrongdoing.
You could argue that settling protects its core business - social networks are still the way in which it makes most of its money.
You could argue that settling protects its core business - social networks are still the way in which it makes most of its money.
Instagram and Facebook's billions of users provide the company with a goldmine of data, and the data of adults can be used to sell ads.
Instagram and Facebook's billions of users provide the company with a goldmine of data, and the data of adults can be used to sell ads.
Meta may say it is now laser-focused on AI, but it still needs the vast revenue generated by its social apps.
Meta may say it is now laser-focused on AI, but it still needs the vast revenue generated by its social apps.
As part of the settlement, the social media giant has agreed to make a number of changes to the way Instagram and Facebook operate for its youngest users.
As part of the settlement, the social media giant has agreed to make a number of changes to the way Instagram and Facebook operate for its youngest users.
Some experts say it is long overdue.
Some experts say it is long overdue.
The new safety barriers include a two-hour time limit across both platforms, which will be a default setting for known teen users. But direct messaging on the platforms will not count towards the daily use limit.
The new safety barriers include a two-hour time limit across both platforms, which will be a default setting for known teen users. But direct messaging on the platforms will not count towards the daily use limit.
Notifications will be muted between midnight and 06:00 and on school days between 08:00 and 15:00.
Notifications will be muted between midnight and 06:00 and on school days between 08:00 and 15:00.
Likes on posts and content will also be entirely hidden on the platforms for teens.
Likes on posts and content will also be entirely hidden on the platforms for teens.
Most of these new features will be made either default or an option for teens within six months.
Most of these new features will be made either default or an option for teens within six months.
However, new efforts by Meta to better identify which users on its platforms are children will take up to a year to be rolled out.
However, new efforts by Meta to better identify which users on its platforms are children will take up to a year to be rolled out.
I would be surprised if these measures remain within the confines of the US for very long, as other countries will almost certainly be keen to adopt them too.
I would be surprised if these measures remain within the confines of the US for very long, as other countries will almost certainly be keen to adopt them too.
Meta also says the new features will only truly help children if all of its rivals adopt them as well.
Meta also says the new features will only truly help children if all of its rivals adopt them as well.
It's a highly competitive industry, but given the global backlash against social media and its impact on children, perhaps others like TikTok and Snapchat may have to follow suit.
It's a highly competitive industry, but given the global backlash against social media and its impact on children, perhaps others like TikTok and Snapchat may have to follow suit.
The question then is whether children will still bother with them, once they are deliberately toned down into a much blander offering.
The question then is whether children will still bother with them, once they are deliberately toned down into a much blander offering.
And perhaps that would bring the social media era to a natural end, as existing adults gradually aged out of it.
And perhaps that would bring the social media era to a natural end, as existing adults gradually aged out of it.
Arturo Bejar, the ex-Instagram engineer turned whistleblower, says the proof of the pudding will be in whether the new teen safety features are effective.
Arturo Bejar, the ex-Instagram engineer turned whistleblower, says the proof of the pudding will be in whether the new teen safety features are effective.
"At the end of the day, Meta needs to be held accountable for results, not efforts," he told me.
"At the end of the day, Meta needs to be held accountable for results, not efforts," he told me.
Additional reporting from Kali Hays
Additional reporting from Kali Hays
Additional reporting from Kali HaysSign up for our Tech Decoded newsletter to follow the world's top tech stories and trends. Outside the UK? Sign up here.
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